Constitution

The constitution is the most important document in Nigeria. It contains the most valuable information of, for, and about the country. Like a novel, the constitution is divided into 8 chapters. In its 4th chapter are provisions that are considered the most fundamental because they affect the existence and the rights of every Nigerian, not only because they are citizens but also because they are human beings. <|>

As the most important chapter in the most important document of the country, don’t you think every Nigerian deserves to know and understand these rights (including being taught, shared, discussed and developed)? A survey has revealed that only 7 to 8.5% of Nigerians are aware of the provisions in this chapter of the constitution. Surprisingly also, the knowledge and fulfillment of these fundamental rights by law enforcements is not significantly different from that of the general populace.

So for the first time since the 29th of May 1999 (when the current Nigerian Constitution came into force), there will finally be an opportunity to bridge the knowledge and access gap when it comes to the application of this chapter: The fundamental human rights provision in the constitution. Adapted by fellow citizens for other citizens, Law2Go is leveraging on the growth in the use of technology to improve access and understanding of human rights laws, legal advise and other legal services, in both creative and adaptable ways such as simplification, translation into indigenous languages and also providing audio versions of these constitutional provisions.

Section 33 Right to life (your life belongs to you)
Section 34 Right to dignity of human person (you have the right to be treated with dignity and you are nobody’s slave)
Section 35 Right to personal liberty (you have the right to be free)
Section 36 Right to fair hearing (you have a right to be heard)
Section 37 Right to private and family life (you have a right to your privacy)
Section 38 Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (live your life in freedom)
Section 39 Right to freedom of expression and the press (talk your own)
Section 40 Right to peaceful assembly and association (you have the right to associate with others)
Section 41 Right to freedom of movement (you have the right to move freely)
Section 42 Right to freedom from discrimination (you have the same rights in the eyes of the law as everybody else)
Section 43 Right to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria (you have the right to buy land or property anywhere in Nigeria)
Section 44 Compulsory acquisition of property (you have a right to be compensated)
Section 45 Restriction on and derogation from fundamental rights (the government can restrict your rights only in certain circumstances)
Section 46 Special jurisdiction of high court and legal aid (you have the right to get justice)
Full Version Section 33 to 46 Full  (Simple English)
  • You and every human being in this world have a right to live. It is illegal to kill any person
  • You should treat every human being with dignity and respect, whether you like them or not. You also deserve to be treated with dignity.
  • It is illegal for anybody to torture you or treat you as if you are not a human being.
  • It is illegal for anybody to turn you into a slave or a servant by force, or force you to work for them. But if a court orders you, or if you decide to join the military or police force, or if you are under compulsory national service like the NYSC, then you can be asked to do a thing out of your own will.

  • You are entitled to your personal freedom and liberty.
  • The only situation where your freedom or liberty can be limited is when a court gives an order to restrain you because you committed a crime or failed to obey a court order; or if you are still very young (below 18 years), or if you are suffering from an infectious disease (like Ebola virus), or if you are of unsound mind, or if you are a drug or alcohol addict then the government can limit your freedom.
  • Even when you have committed an offense or have been charged with an offense and you are awaiting trial, you should not be kept in detention for more than the maximum period of imprisonment prescribed for the offence. (For example, under the Criminal Code, the penalty for committing the offence of stealing a cow is two years, so once an accused person reaches two years in prison without concluding his or her trial, they should be released without further ado)
  • If you are arrested or detained, you can choose to remain silent or refuse to answer any question until you have consulted with a lawyer or with any person of your choice. The police or law enforcement agents cannot force you to give a statement until you have had the opportunity to consult with any person of your choice.
  • If police or any law enforcement agent arrests or detain you, they must tell you within 24 hours, in writing and in a language that you understand, as to why they have arrested or detained you.
  • Once an offense does not attract death sentence as the penalty, you should not be arrested or detained for more than a day without being taken to a court of law, except there is no court that can handle the matter within 40 kilometers. If so, you may still be detained but for a maximum of 2 days or only for a reasonable time.
  • If you are arrested or detained unlawfully, you are entitled to compensation and public apology from the appropriate authority or officer that arrested or detained you.
  • You have a right to tell your own side of the story.
  • You are innocent until proven guilty.
  • If anyone is accusing you of committing a crime, it is their duty (and not yours) to prove that you are guilty. (Except only in exceptional cases where there is a law that provides that you must prove a particular fact).
  • During a trial, where you are charged with an offence, you are entitled to prompt and detailed information about the nature of the offence they say you have committed and they should tell you in a language that you understand. You should also be given adequate time and facilities to prepare your defense and you must be allowed to either defend yourself in person or by a lawyer of your choice.
  • You are entitled to call a witness to testify for you and you are also free to question any witness testifying against you.
  • If you don’t understand the language they are using in the trial, let them know please. They are entitled to assist you with an interpreter who will interpret to you in a language that you understand, free of charge.
  • Once a judgment is given, you or your representative is entitled to obtain copies of the judgment of the case within seven days.
  • You should NOT be convicted for an offence where the conduct constituting the offence was not prohibited as an offence at the time it took place. (g., where open grazing was not an offence in 2015 but is now an offence in 2017, a person cannot be convicted of the offence of open grazing in 2017 for an open grazing that took place in 2015)
  • You should NOT be punished with a punishment heavier than the punishment in existence as at the time you committed the offence. (g., if A committed the offence of kidnapping in 2013 and at that time the punishment was 6 years imprisonment, he should not on conviction in 2017 be sentenced to life imprisonment simply because there is a new law providing that the punishment for the offence of kidnapping is life imprisonment. The effective date is the date the offence was committed.)
  • You should NOT be tried twice for the same criminal conduct. No double jeopardy. And where you have been pardoned for a criminal offence, you cannot be tried again for that same offence.
  • If you are charged for a criminal offence, you shall NOT be forced to give evidence at your trial.
  • You shall NOT be convicted of a criminal offence unless that offence is defined in law and the penalty is also prescribed in a written law. (Offences under native law and custom are not criminal offences under the Constitution)
  • You have a right to your privacy including the privacy of your home, your phones, text messages, emails, etc. They should be protected and guaranteed.
  • You have a right to think WHATEVER you want to think
  • You have a right to practice and observe your religion by yourself or with other people through worship and teaching. You are also free to change your religion if you like. Nobody should force you to join their religion. Nobody should force you to leave your religion. It is also not by force to have a religion. The law does not permit you to be a member of a secret society.
  • You have the right to have an opinion.
  • You have a right to talk.
  • You have the right to express yourself and share your ideas with other people without any interference.
  • Once you get license from the government, you can own and establish your own TV station, Radio station and even newspaper.
  • You have the right to open and maintain your own social media account on any social media platform you like.
  • It is NOT a breach of this right where there is a law that is reasonably justifiable to prevent you from disclosing information that you received in confidence, or restricts you from disclosing some information because of your job as a public servant, lawyer, doctor or by order of court.
  • You are free to gather and associate with other people.
  • You have the right to form and join any association to protect your interest; or any trade union of your choice. You also have the right NOT to join an association. You have a right to leave the association whenever you want.
  • You have the right to form and join any political party of your choice but the political party must be registered by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).
  • Every citizen of Nigeria is entitled to move freely throughout Nigeria.
  • Every citizen of Nigeria is entitled to reside in any part of Nigeria he or she likes. Whether it is in the North or South or East or West, you have the right to travel and live anywhere in the country.
  • As long as you are a Nigerian citizen, no one should chase you away from Nigeria; or refuse you from going out of Nigeria; or refuse you from coming into Nigeria, except you committed a crime in Nigeria and may want to escape to another country; or where Nigeria has agreed with another country that if you commit a crime in their country, you cannot hide in Nigeria. Nigeria will submit you to them for trial or punishment.
  • Nobody has a right to treat you differently from others because you belong to a particular community, ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion, political opinion or because of the circumstance of how you were born.
  • Every citizen of Nigeria has the right to acquire and own property anywhere in Nigeria. A Hausa man can own a house in Onitsha, an Igbo woman can own a plaza in Lagos, a Yoruba man can own a farm in Jigawa.
  • If for any reason the government wants to take your land, they must pay you compensation quickly and you have the right to go to court if you are not happy with it.
  • All minerals, mineral oils and natural gas in, under, or upon any land in Nigeria or in, under or upon the territorial waters of Nigeria belongs to the government of the Federation.
  • The right to private and family life (section 37); right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (section 38); the right to freedom of expression and the press (section 39); the right to peaceful assembly and association (section 40) and the right to freedom of movement (section 41) can only be restricted by a law that is reasonably justified in the interest of public defense, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedom of other persons.
  • During period of emergencies, (a period of emergency means period during which the President of Nigeria will declare that Nigeria is in a state of emergency perhaps due to war), the right to personal liberty (section 35) can, subject to an Act of the National Assembly, be limited if there are reasonably justifiable reasons for dealing with the emergency. The right to life (section 33) can never be excused except only in respect of death resulting from acts of war; and the right in section 36 (8) prohibiting conviction for an offence that at time of conduct was not a crime and punishment heavier than existed at time of commission of the offence shall not be derogated from no matter the circumstances.
  • If you believe that any of your rights from section 33 to 46 (Chapter IV) of this constitution has been contravened, is being contravened or will be contravened, you should apply to the High Court close to you for solution.
  • The National Assembly shall make provisions for your financial assistance If you don’t have money and cannot afford the services of a lawyer.
  • You with everybody wey dey this world get right to dey alife. Na offence make somebody kill another person.
  • You suppose handle everybody jejely with respect, whether you like dem or you no like dem; and na so dem suppose treat you too: with dignity and respect
  • If anybody torture you or treat you like say you no be human being, that one na offence.
  • Nobody suppose turn you to slave or force you make you be im servant; or force you do any work wey you no wan do. But if na Court talk so; or you join military or police; or you dey serve Nigeria like Ajiwaya dem, n aim be say dem fit force you do some kind work.
  • You dey free to go where you wan go.
  • But person wey commit offence, abi im no gree do wetin Court talk, Court fit comot this im freedom oh. Also, pesin wey never reach 18 years, abi person wey get dangerous disease wey fit catch other people like Ebola, abi person wey im brain no too correct or too much drinking or ganja don scatter im head, government fit comot im freedom as e go better for the society.
  • If dem arrest you onto say you commit any offence, dem no suppose hold you for prison pass how many years wey law talk say na punishment for your offence. That one mean say, for example if person thief cow and the law talk say the punishment na two years, even if dem never finish to the touchlight the mata wey two years come do, dem suppose release am from prison.
  • If dem arrest you, you fit keep quiet no talk to anybody until you see your lawyer or anybody wey you like. Dem no suppose force you make you give statement if you no want.
  • If dem arrest you, whether na police abi anybody wey get power to arrest, before e pass 24 hours, dem suppose write for language wey you understand take tell you wetin make dem arrest you.
  • If the offence wey dem say you commit no be serious offence wey be say the punishment reach death sentence level, dem no suppose keep you for prison pass 24 hours. Dem suppose carry you go court unless if the place where Court dey dey far pass 40 kilometers; and even if e far pass like that true true, dem no suppose keep you pass two days no carry you go Court unless e get as e be.
  • If dem arrest or detain you unlawfully, dem suppose apologise to you for public and even use money take tell you sorry.
  • If anything happen, dem suppose hear your own side of wetin happen too.
  • If anybody talk say you commit any offence, na the person duty (not your own) to show Court say you commit the offence true true, unless e get wetin law say na you suppose prove.
  • If dem carry you go Court, dem suppose tell you sharp-sharp everything about the offence wey dem say you commit for language wey you understand come give you time make you prepare how you go take defend yourself; and you fit defend yourself by yourself abi call lawyer wey go defend you.
  • You fit call any witness make e come talk wetin happen and you fit question any witness wey dem call come.
  • If you no understand the language wey dem dey use take judge the mata, make you tell dem, because dem suppose find person wey go interpret for you for free.
  • If dem don finish to judge your mata, you fit ask make dem give you copy of paper wey carry the judgment within seven days; or you fit send somebody make e collect am for you.
  • Dem no suppose punish you for something wey you do wey no be offence by the time wey you do am.
  • Dem no suppose give you punishment wey heavy pass the punishment for the offence wey you commit by the time wey you commit am. This one mean say, if Akpos thief moto for 2012 and the punishment by that time na two years for prison, if by the time wey dem finish to the judge the mata for 2017 another new law don commot wey talk say the punishment for person wey thief moto na 10 years for prison, that new law no suppose affect Akpos because by the time wey im commit the offence, the punishment na two years.
  • Dem no suppose carry you go Court two times for the same offence; and if dem don forgive you for offence wey you commit, dem no suppose carry you go Court again for that the same offence.
  • Dem no fit force you make you give evidence for Court.
  • Dem no fit punish you for wetin you do unless law don write am say that thing na offence and don punishment don dey for am.
  • Your private life and your family life, your phone calls, text messages, emails, letters and things like that na your private matta, law suppose protect and guarantee all of dem for you. Nobody suppose chook eye anyhow for that kind private matta.
  • You fit think anything wey you wan think.
  • Any religion wey you like na im you go practice, even if na only you or with other people. Nobody suppose force you make you change your religion if you no want change. If you like sef, no practice any religion. But law no go gree make you go join or form secret society oh.
  • You get right to talk as you dey feel about any matta. (Talk your own make Naija better).
  • You fit show yourself as you like and talk to people about wetin you think and nobody suppose disturb you.
  • If you don collect permission from government, you fit get your own television or radio station and even newspaper wey you fit use dey relate with people.
  • You fit join any social media like Facebook, Tweeter and others wey you like.
  • But if law dey say you no suppose talk some kind thing wey you know because of the way dem take tell you for secret; or because of your position for government; or because you be lawyer, or doctor; or because Court talk so, then you no suppose talk am and e no mean say dem don stop dis your right.
  • You fit gather or mix with other people.
  • You fit form or join any association wey you like and if you no want join any association, nobody suppose force you join; and if you don join, you fit comot for the association any time wey you like.
  • You fit join or form any political party wey you like; but make you check dey sure say the political party don dey register for INEC.
  • Every Nigeria person fit waka about as im like for the whole Nigeria.
  • Every Nigeria person fit stay for any part of Nigeria wey im like whether na for North or South or East or West.
  • No body fit pursue any Nigerian person comot for Nigeria or stop am make im no go out to another country or enter Nigeria from another country; unless im commit offence wan come run comot from Nigeria or im committ offence for another country wey Nigeria don get agreement with say anybody wey commit offence for their country run come Nigeria, Nigeria go submit am to the country wey im commit the offence make dem touchlight im mata.
  • Nobody suppose treat you different because of the community wey you come from; or because of the language wey you dey speak; or because of say you be woman or man; or because of your religion or your political party; or because of how your mama take born you whether for husband house or not. Everybody for Nigeria dey equal and na equal treatment everybody suppose get.
  • Every Nigeria person fit buy or get land or house or any property for anywhere for Nigeria. This one mean say Igbo man fit build house for Kano, Hausa man fit buy land for Lagos, Yoruba woman fit get farm for Nsukka.
  • If government want use your land do anything wey go help the community, dem suppose settle you well well, and if you no happy with the settlement or how dem take collect your land, you fit carry the matta go Court.
  • Every mineral, or oil or gas or any natural resources wey dey for Nigeria, whether for land or for water, na Federal Government get am.
  • Government fit comot some of the rights wey we don talk about: like the right for your privacy (37), the rights to think as you like (38), the right make you talk your own (39), the right make you gather take mix with other people (40), and the right make you waka about (41), if better law dey ground wey na for the good of the society or to protect other people, government fit follow the law take comot any of these rights.
  • If kata-kata or war dey Nigeria, government fit comot the right to freedom for section 35 if that one go help the mata. But the right wey everybody get to dey alife for Section 33, nobody fit take am unless person die for war. The right wey say dem no go punish person for wetin no be offence when im do am and dem no go give person punishment wey heavy pass the punishment for im offence, nobody fit change that one.
  • If you feel say anybody wan collect your right, or im do something wey show say im don collect your rights, you fit go Court make dem touchlight the matta. This rights wey we don talk about na from Section 33 go reach Section 46 of the Constitution of Nigeria.
  • If you no get money and you no fit hire lawyer, National Assembly suppose take care of your matta. Na im make we get Legal Aid Council wey person wey dey very poor fit run go meet.
  • Ndu gi adighi n’aka onye obuna.
  • O bu ida nnukwu iwu mmadu obuna inapu gi ndu gi n’ike.
  • O bu orubere gi idi ndu ma n’eku ume n’ime uwaa.
  • O bu nani ebe iwu kwadoro ka e nwere ike igbu mmadu n’ike.
  • Mmadụ e kwesịghị ka a kpaso ya agwa dịka anụ ọhị Ùgwù na nsọpụrụ bụ orubere dịrị gị mgbe nile.
  • Mmadụ e nweghị ike inye gị ntaram ahụhụ na ụdị ọbụ
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ ime gị ohu ma ọ bụ manye gị ịgbara ya odibo.
  • I nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ike ma o buru na ị banye ọrụ ndị agha, ọrụ uwe ojii ma ọ bụ otú NYSC .Ụlọ ikpe nwere ike inye iwu ka a manye gị ịrụ ọrụ
  • I nwere ohere ibi ndu gi ka o siri masi gi n’enweghi mgbochi nke onye obuna.
  • O bu nani ulo ikpe puru inye ntuziaka iji were gbochi gi igaghari ma obu i nwere onwe gi. Ulo ikpe puru ime nkea ma o buru na i dara iwu, o buru na i choghi ibia ulo ikpe ma o bu imejuputa ntuziaka ulo ikpe nyere gi, o buru na inwere oria na efe-efe dika oria Ebola , o buru na irubeghi afo iri na asato, o buru na isi mgbaka na eme gi, o buru na i na-anu ogwu ike. Goomenti puru igbochi ikike onye di etua nwere banyere onwe ya na igaghari ka o siri masi ya.
  • Onye a na-ekpe ikpe e kwesighi i no n’ulo mkporo karia afo onee okwesiri ije nga banyere iwu ahu o dara (Onye zuru oshi efi kwesiri ije nga afo abuo. E kwesiri itoghapu onye di etua site na ulo mkporo ma o buru na afo abuo agachaa ma ya bu ikpe ka na-aga n’ihu).
  • Onye o buna ndi uwe ojii jidere nwere ike iju nay a agaghi ekwu ihe obuna ganye na ya ahu onye oka-iwu ya ma o bu onye obuna masiri ya.
  • Mgbe obuna ndi uwe ojii ma obu onye obuna jidere gi, ha kwesiri ideputa ma kowari gi n’asusu i na anu nke oma, ya bu iwu i dara. Ha kwesiri ime nkea n’ime otu ubochi ha jiri were jide gi.
  • O buru na iwu a na-ebo gi ebubo abughi nke ntaram-ahuhu ya bu amam-ikpe onwu, e kwesiri i duga gi ulo ikpe tupu otu ubochi agafee e jiri were jide gi. O buru na e nweghi ulo ikpe di nso dika kilometa iri ano, e nwere ike ijide onye di etua nani ubochi abuo ma obu onuogu ubochi onee kwesiri ekwesi tupu eduga ya ulo ikpe.
  • O buru na ejidere gi n’ihi ihe i na emeghi, ma o bun a e jidere gi n’uzo na ezighi-ezi, e kwesiri inye gi ihe iti-aka n’obi zuru oke. E kwesirikwara ka ya bu onye jidere gi ma obu ulo oru ndi uwe ojii irio gi mgbaghara n’iru ndi mmadu dika o siri kwesi ekwesi.
  • Ọ bụ orubere gị ị zara ọnụ gị na ebubo ọbụ
  • Aka gị dị ọcha na ebubo ọbụna ganye na ụlọ ikpe ekpebie na ị dara iwu.
  • O bụ ọrụ dịịrị onye na ebo gị ebubo na ị dara iwu igosi ka i siri daa ya bụ ọ bụghị ọrụ dịrị gị ị gosi na aka gị dị ọcha, belu sọ nanị ebe iwu kwuru etua.
  • E Kwesịrị ka usoro ụlọ ikpe ọbụna ma ọ bụ mkpebi ụlọ ikpe ọbụna gbasara orubere dịrị mmadụ, bụrụ nke e mere n’irụ mmadụ E kwesighi ikpe gị ikpe nzuzo ma ọ bụ nye gị mkpebi muchi-muchi.
  • Onye ọbụna e boro ebubo na ọ dara iwu kwesịrị ka ụlọ ikpe mee ngwangwa ma nye ya ikpe kwụrụ ọtọ na-egbụghị nnukwu oge.
  • Ụlọ ikpe nwere ikike ịchụpụ mmadụ ọbụna n’ime ụlọ Ụlọ ikpe nwekwara ikike inye ntụziaka ka ọ bụrụ nanị ndị nwe ikpe ya na ndị ọka-iwu ha ka a chọrọ ka ha nọrọ mgbe ikpe na-aga n’ihu. Ụlọ ikpe pụrụ ime nkea ma ochee na ikpe dị etua n’iru ọha pụrụ ịmetụta orubere na ọdịmma nke onye a na-ekpe ikpe. o nwekwara ike ị bụ maka ọdịmma nke obodo ma ọ bụ nchekwaba nke dị mmadụ. Ụlọ ikpe nwekwara ike inye ntụziaka dị etua ma ọ bụrụ na ndị nwe ikpe erubeghị afọ iri na asatọ.
  • Onye ọbụna a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu bụ onye nke e kwesịrị i were ka onye aka ya dị ọcha ganye na ụlọ ikpe e kpebie na ọ dara ya bụ Nke pụtara na ọ bụ nanị mgbe ụlọ ikpe kwuputara na mmadụ dara iwu n’ezie ka a pụrụ iwere onye dị etua dịka onye dara iwu.
  • Onye a na-ebo ebubo kwesịrị ka e jiri asụsụ ọ na-aghọta nke ọma ma kọwara ya ihe nile gbasara ya bụ iwu a na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ
  • Onye a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu kwesịrị ka e nye ya ohere zuru okè ya na ihe ọbụna nke ga e nyere ya aka ịkwado maka ịmara ọnụ ya n’ulo ikpe.
  • Onye a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu pụrụ ịzara ọnụ ya n’onwe ya n’ulo ikpe ma ọ bụ site na enyemaka nke ọka-iwu o jiri aka ya dị họ
  • Onye a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu pụrụ n’onwe ya, ị gba ndị akaebe n’ụlọ ikpe ajụjụ ọnụ. ọ nwekwara ike ime nkea site na enyemaka onye ọka-iwu ya. o nwekwara ike ịkpọ onye ọbụna ka ọ bịa ụlọ ikpe maka ịgba akaebe. Ndị akaebe dị etua nwere ike bụrụ ndị nke ya ma ọ bụ ndị nke na-ekpe ya ikpe.
  • Onye a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu kwesịrị ka enye ya onye ntapi-okwu iji mee ka ọ ghọta nke ọma asụsụ e ji ekpe ya ikpe. Ọ kwesịghị ịkwụ ụgwọ ọbụna maka nkea
  • Ụlọ ikpe ọbụna kwesịrị idetu n’akwụkwọ ihe nile gbasara ka e siri kpee ikpe banyere onye a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu. Ya bụ onye e kpere ikpea nwere ikike ị nweta akwụkwọ ndị ahụ site n’aka ụlọ o kwesịrị ime nkea n’ime ụbọchị asaa e jiri kpebie ya bụ ikpe.
  • E kwesịghị ịma mmadụ ikpe gbasara ihe ọbụna nke abụghị iwu n’oge o jiri mee ya bụ ihe ( dika na-afo 2015, ichighari ewu, aturu ma o bu efi abughi iwu. Mana site na afo 2017, ime nkea bu ida iwu na ufodu Steeti na Nigeria). Ya bu enweghi ike ikpe oney mere nkeahu na afo 2015 ikpe n’ime afo 2017. E nweghịkwa ike inye mmadụ ntaram-ahụhụ karịa nke na-eso iwu ọ dara, n’oge o jiri were daa ya bụ Nkea pụtara na ọ bụghị mmadụ mee ihe taata nke na-abụghị iwu, o ruo echi, e jee mepụta iwu ma ọ bụ ntaram-ahụhụ ma were ya kpee onye dị etua ikpe maka ihe ahụ o mere mgbe gara aga. (i ma atu, na afo 2013 ntaram ahuhu diri onye nto bu ije ulo mkporo afo ise mana edeghariri ya bu iwu na afo 2017 ka o buru ije nga mkpuru oka)
  • Onye ọbụna nke gosiri na e kpebugo ya ikpe na mbụ gbasara ebubo na ọ dara iwu, onye dị etua e kwesịghị ka e kpekwaa ya ikpe ọzọ n’ọdịnihu gbasara ya bụ Nkea ga-adị irè ma ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ikpe enwego mkpebi ikpeazụ gbasara ya bụ ebubo na mbụ. Mkpebi ahụ nwere ike bụrụ ọmụma ikpe ma ọ bụ nke ntọhapụ onye dị etua.
  • E nweghịkwa ike ikpeghari mmadụ ikpe ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na a gbághàrágo ya iwu ahụ ọ dara na mbụ.
  • E nweghị ike ịmanye onye a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu ka ọ bịa gbaa akaebe banyere ikpe a na-ekpe ya.
  • E nweghị ike ịma mmadụ ikpe ma ọ bụrụ na o nweghị ebe iwu nke obodo Naijiria, ma ọ bụ nke Steeti depụtara n’akwụkwọ na ihe onye ahụ mere dara iwu. E kwesịrị ị depụta ihe ọbụna bụ iwu n’akwụkwọ ya na ntaramahụhụ na-eso ya, tupu e nwee ike ịma mmadụ ikpe banyere nke ahụ.
  • O nweghi onye puru igba ihe gbasara gi na ezi n’ulo gi n’anwu ma o buru na inyeghi ikike banyere nkea.
  • Ihe gbasara ulo gi, igwe okwu gi, ederede nke leta na ihe ndi ozo bu nke e kwesiri izochiri go ma chekwaba ha nke oma.
  • (Onye gi na ya bi n’ogbe apughi iwere ihe o nuru gi na nwunye gi n’ekwu n’ulo unu jee gbasaa na igwe okwu redio).
  • I nwere ike iche ụdị echiche ọbụna masịrị gị. Ọ nweghị onye echiche obi gị nke abughi ihe ojoo gbasara.
  • Ụlọ akwụkwọ gị e nweghị ikike ị ma nye gị ka ịhapụ ụka gị ma ọ bụ ka ị soro ụka ndị ọzọ.
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ ị manye gị ka ị mụọ akwụkwọ banyere ụka abụghị nke gi.
  • Kama ị banye ma ọ bụ inwe nzukọ otú nzuzo bụ nnukwu ịda-iwu na Naijiria.
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ igbochi gi ịhọrọ ma ọ bụ ịgbanwe okwukwe, uka na echiche obi gi ka o siri sọọ
  • I nwere ike iche ụdị echiche ọbụna masịrị gị. Ọ nweghị onye echiche obi gị nke abughi ihe ojoo gbasara.
  • Ụlọ akwụkwọ gị e nweghị ikike ị ma nye gị ka ịhapụ ụka gị ma ọ bụ ka ị soro ụka ndị ọzọ.
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ ị manye gị ka ị mụọ akwụkwọ banyere ụka abụghị nke gi.
  • Kama ị banye ma ọ bụ inwe nzukọ otú nzuzo bụ nnukwu ịda-iwu na Naijiria.
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ igbochi gi ịhọrọ ma ọ bụ ịgbanwe okwukwe, uka na echiche obi gi ka o siri sọọ
  • I nwere ike ịkpọ izuzu ma ọ bụ nwee nzukọ gị na mmadụ ibe gị.
  • Ị nwere ike isonyere n’otú ma ọ bụ kpọọ nzukọ gbasara ọdịmma gị na ebum-n’obi gi.
  • I nwekwara ohere ịpụta ma ọ bụ ịhọrọ ụdị otú ọbụna dịka ị sịrị chọọ.
  • I nwere ike isonyere ma ọ bụ ibido otú ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ọbụna masịrị gị. Mana ihe ọbụna gbasara nchịkwa otú ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị dị n’aka Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).
  • Nwa afo Naijiria obuna puru ije ebe nile o choro n’ime obodoa n’enweghi mgbochi obuna.
  • Nwa afo Naijiria obuna puru ibi na akuku obodo Naijiria obuna di ya mma n’enweghi mgbochi obuna.
  • Oso ya buru ugwu-awusa ma obu odida anyanwu nke obodoa.
  • E nweghi ike igbochi nwa afo obodoa ije ebe obuna, ihapu Naijiria ma o bu ibata Naijiria. Onweghikwa onye puru ichupu gin a Naijiria.
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ imegide gị n’ihi agbụrụ i si, n’ihi okwukwe gị ma ọ bụ maka na ị bụ nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị.
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ igbochi gị ị nweta ihe i kwuru kwesịrị dịka ndị ọzọ na n’ihi ebe ísì, etu e si mụọ gị, ya na n’ihi ihe ndị ahụ gbasara gi.
  • Nanị na usoro ịhọpụta ọkwá gọọmenti, nke ndị uwe ojii ma ọ bụ ndị agha ka e nwere ike ime ịkpa oke dị etu a dịka iwu sịrị
  • Nwa afo Naijiria obuna puru izuta ma o bu inweta aku na uba di iche iche na ebe obuna masiri ya na ala Naijiria. (Onye Hausa puru inwe ulo na Onitsha, Nwanyi Igbo si owerri nwere ike izuta ala na Sokoto, Onye Yoruba nwekwara ike si Lagos nwekara ike ije na Kaduna zuta ulo.)
  • I nwere ike inwe aku na uba ebe obuna i choro na Naijiria na-agbanyeghi obdodo i si na Naijiria.
  • O nweghị onye pụrụ iji anya ọkụ napụ gị akụ na ụba i nwere na ebe ọbụna na Naijiria.
  • Ọ bụrụ na emee nkea n’ihi iwu e mebere, I kwesịrị ị nweta ego ma ọ bụ ihe iti-aka n’obi nke zuru okè natufughi oge. I nwere ike ikwu ihe iti-áká n’obi nke i chere na ọ ga-adị gị
  • Akụ na ụba nile si na chi, ndị nke nnọ n’ime ala, ime mmiri ma ọ bụ n’elu ala Naịjirịa bụ nke gọọ Ihe dika mmanu ugbo-ala, Koolu, Diamond na gassi.
  • Mana ọ nwere ébé iwu ma ọ bụ gọọmenti nwere ikike ịnapụta gị akụ na ụba gị n’ike.
  • O bu nani ebe goomenti nwere ezigbo ebum n’obi banyere nchekwa ndu na ikike ndi mmadu, nchekwa ugwu na odimma nke ora nile ka o puru inye ntuziaka nke nwere ike imetutua orubere diri mmadu dika: orubere nzochi nke gin a ezi n’ulo gi, orubere diri gi ikpe uka obuna, orubere igaghari ebe obuna ichoro, orubere nmekorita mmadu na ibe ya na orubere onye kwuo uche ya.
  • Goomenti ga-egosiriri na o bu n’ihi odimma nke obodo Naijiria na ndu ndi nno n’ime ya ka o puru iji mee nkea.
  • Abia na oge ihe mberede di egwu dika agha ma o bu ogba-aghara, Onye isi ala Naijria, site na nkwado nke ndi omebe iwu ala anyia puru iti iwu ka ewezuga orubere ndia ahu gbasara nwereonye na ngaghari nke nwa afo obodoa.
  • Onweghi onye nwere ike iwere ndu mmadu n’ike nani ma obu onye nwuru n’ihi inu agha.
  • O nweghikwa ikike mmadu nwere ima mmadu ikpe ma o buru na ihe o mere abughi ida iwu n’oge o jiri were mee ya bu ihe. Onweghikwa onye a puru inye ntaram-ahuhu kariri nke na ezote iwu nke o dara.
  • Onweghi iwu obuna puru inapu mmadu orubere ndia ahu.
  • Jee n’ụlọ ikpe gbaa akwụkwọ mgbe ọbụna i chere na mmadụ megidere ma ọ bụ na-achọ imegide orubere gị ndị dị n’ime ngalaba akwụkwọ iwua bu sekshon iri ato na ato rue Sekshon iri ato na isii.
  • Ọ bụ n’ụlọ ikpe dị enu nke Steeti bụ High Court ka ị pụrụ ije gbaa akwụkwọ banyere udi mkpesa di etua.
  • Nnukwu ọka-ikpe obodoa bụ Chief Justice nke Naijiria ka ọ dịrị ịmepụta iwu nke ụlọ ikpe High Court kwesịrị ịgbaso maka ikpe-ikpe banyere orubere dịrị mmadụ.
  • I nwekwara ike inweta enyemaka ego ma ọ bụ nke onye ọka-iwu dịka iwu sịrị kwuo banyere ikpe dị
  • Iwo ati gbogbo eda eniyan ti o wa nile aye loni eto lati gbe inu aye. O lodi si ofin lati pa eniyan.
  • gbodo bowo ati ola fun gbogbo eniyan ninu ajosepo re pelu won ya la, o feran won tabi beeko. Bakan naa la gbodo bu ola fun iwo naa.
  • lodi si ofin fun enikeni lati fi iya je o tabi lati se o bi eni pe o kii se eniyan.
  • tapa si ofin fun enikeni lati so e di eru tabi alagbase ni tipatipa tabi lati bawon se ise loranyan. Sugbon bi ile ejo ba paa lase fun o, tabi o pinnu lati darapo mo ileese ologun tabi olopa tabi o n sinru ilu gege bi agunbaniro ti o pon dandan(NYSC), won le ran o lati se awon ohun kan lai naani ife inu re.
  • leto si ominira ati iyonda ara re
  • Oun kan naa ti o le mu ki ominira ati iyonda re ni gbedeke ni ti ile ejo ba paa lase lati di won re latari pe o wu iwa odaran tabi o ko lati te le idajo ile ejo, tabi ti ojo Ori re wa labe odun mejidilogun (18 years), tabi o lugbadi arun ti o le ran eniyan ( bii Ebola), tabi o larun opolo, tabi o je ologun oloro tabi omuti lile, eyi le mu ki ijoba lase lori idiwon ominira re.
  • Ko da nigba ti o wu iwa odaran tabi won fesun kan kan o, ti o si n duro de igbejo, ko tona lati ti e mo atimole ju iye akoko isewon ti ile ejo da fun irufe esun oun lo.
  • (Fun apeere, labe ofin iwa odaran, ijiya fun jiji maaluu gbe ni ewon odun meji, fun idi eyi ti eni ti a fesun kan ba ti pari odun meji latimole laijepe won ti pari igbejo re, won gbodo tu sile lominira laise aniani kan kan mo.)
  • Ti owo sikun awon agbofinro ba te o tabi won ju o sahamo, o le yan lati ma so nkan kan tabi lati ma dahun ibeere eyi yowuu titi igba ti o ba to ri agbejero tabi eni yowuu ti okan re fe. Olopa tabi awon agbofinro ko le fi tipatipa mu o lati ko tabi lati so ohun kohun titi di igba ti o ti lanfaani lati ba eni yowuu ti o ba fe ba soro.
  • Ti olopa tabi agbofinro eyi keyi ba mu o tabi ti o mole, won gbodo so fun e idi ti won fi mu e tabi ti won fi ti e mole pelu alaye ninu akosile lede ti o gbo daada laarin wakati merinlelogun.
  • Ti esun ti won fi kan o ko ba to Idajo ewon iku gege bi ijiya ti o to, won ko gbodo mu e tabi ti o mole ju ojo kan lo laije pe won mu oju re ba ile ejo, ayafi ti ko ba si ile ejo ti o le gbo esun naa, nitosi ibuso ojogi. Ti o ba ri bee, won sile ti o mo ahamo, sugbon o pe tan, ojo meji tabi fun igba miran ti o wu etii gbo.
  • Ti won ba mu o tabi ti e mo ewon laito/laiba ofin mu, o leto si itanran gba mabinu tabi aforiji loju taye lati odo awon alase ti oro naa kan tabi agbofinro ti o mu o tabi ti e mole.
  • leto lati so bi Oro/ isele naa se je/waye 
  • Orun re si mo, a fi igba ti won ba to fidi re mule pe o jebi.
  • Ti eni keni ba n fesun kan o pe o wu iwa odaran kan, ojuse ti won ni, (kiise ti re) lati fidi re mule pe iwo lo jebi. (A yafi ti o ba je esun ara oto ti ofin pon-on ni dan dan pe o gbodo fidi alaye mule.
  • Lasiko igbejo esun ti won fi kan o, o leto si ekunrere alaye lori irufe esun ti won fi kan o, won si gbodo so fun e pelu ede to ye o yekeyeke. Won gbodo fun o lakoko ti o to ati eroja ti o ma lo lati sagbekale awijare ti re, won si gbodo fun e laaye lati soniduro ara re tabi ki o gba agbejoro ti o wu e.
  • leto lati pe eleri kan lati jeri gbe o lese, bee si lo tun lominira lati beere ibeere lowo eleri ti o n jeri tako e.
  • Ti ede ti won fi n se igbejo ko ba ye o jowo jare je ki won mo. Ojuse won ni lati wa olugbifo kan ti yoo ran o lowo lati tumo re fun e lede ti o gbo ti o si ye o daada, laigba owo kan kan lowo re.
  • Ni ge le ti won ba ti gbe idajo kale, iwo tabi asoju re leto lati beere eda iwe idajo esun naa laarin ojo meje.
  • A ko gbodo da o lejo esun iwa odaran, ayafi ti ofin ba so bee ti ijiya re si tun wa lakosile ninu ofin.(awon esun ti o wa labe ofin ilu ati asa kii se iwa odaran labe ofin)
  • leto si aye re ti o fi mo ile re, ero ibanisoro re, iwe atejise ori ago re, iwe atejise ori ero ayelujara, ati bee bee lo. A gbodo daabo bo o ki idaniloju to peye si wa.
  • leto lati gbero nkan yowuu ti o ba wu o.
  • leto lati se ijosin ki o si se ise isin re funra re tabi pelu awon miran nipase ijosin ati ikoni. O tun lominira lati yi esin re pada ti o ba fe. Eni keni ko gbodo fi tipatipa mu o lati dara po mo esin ti re/won. Eni keni ko gbodo fi tipatipa mu o lati fi esin re sile. Beeni kiise oranyan lati ni esin kan. Ofin ko faaye gba o lati je omo egbe okunkun.
  • leto lati ni ero ti re
  • leto lati so ti re
  • leto lati so ti enu re ki o si pin ero re pelu awon miran laisi idiwo kan kan.
  • leto lati se idasile ki o si ni ileese mohunmaworan, asoromagbesi, ko da iwe iroyin, ni kete ti o ba ti gba iwe ase lati odo ijoba.
  • leto lati sin, ki o si bojuto ikanni ayelujara yowuu ti o ba fe.
  • Kii se ti te eto yii loju ni, bi won ba se idasile ofin ti o ndena re lati ma fi iroyin asiri sita, tabi lati ma je ki o gbe awon iroyin kan sita nitori ise re gege bi osise ijoba, agbejoro, dokita tabi idajo ile ejo.
  • leto lati sakojopo ki o si darapo mo egbe lati daabo bo erongba re; tabi egbe olokoowo yowuu ti o ba wu o. O tun leto lati ma darapo mo egbe. O leto lati kuro ninu egbe nigba yowuu ti o ba fe.
  • leto lati da egbe oselu sile bee si lo le darapo mo egbe oselu ti o wu o, sugbon egbe oselu naa gbodo ti forukosile lodo ajo eleto idibo apapo(INEC)
  • Gbogbo omo orileede Naijiria lo leto lati rin yan fanda bo se wuu kaakiri orileede Naijiria.
  • Gbogbo omo orileede Naijiria lo leto lati gbe lagbegbe ti o ba wuu lorileede Naijiria. Ya la lekun ariwa tabi guusu, tabi ila-orun, ki baa se apa iwo-orun, o leto lati re irinajo lo ki o si gbe nibikibi lorileede yii.
  • Ni won ba igba ti o ba je Omo orileede Naijiria, ko si eni ti o le o kuro ni Naijiria tabi ma je ko rinrinajo kuro lorileede Naijiria; tabi di ona re lati wa si orileede Naijiria, ayafi ti o ba wu iwa odaran kan ni Naijiria ti o wa fe sa jade sa lo si orileede miran-an; tabi nibi ti Naijiria ati orileede min-in pe ti o ba wu iwa odaran kan lorileede won, o ko le farapamo ni Naijiria, orileede Naijiria yoo jowo re fun won fun igbejo esun tabi ijiya.
  • Eni keni ko leto lati ya o s’oto si awon miran nitori pe o je omo ilu tabi eya tabi orisun ibi kan, obinrin tabi okunrin, esin tabi oye oselu tabi nitori isele ti o romo bi won se bi o.
  • Gbogbo Omo Naijiria lo leto lati ni dukia nibikibi ni Naijiria. Hausa le ni ile si Onitsha, omo Igbo lobinrin le ni ile itaja nla si ilu Eko, Yoruba naa le da oko si Jigawa.
  • Fun idi yowuu ti ijoba ba fe gba ile re, won gbodo san gba mabinu fun o kiakia beesi lo leto lati gba ile ejo lo ti inu re ko ba dun sii.
  • Gbogbo eroja, nka alumoni; eroja epo robi ati afefe gaasi ti o wa labe  tabi lori ile orileede Naijiria tabi lori, tabi ninu omi ti o wa labe orileede Naijiria je ti ijoba apapo.
  • Eto igbe aye ati idile eni(Abala ketadilogoji;37), eto ominira erongba, ife okan ati esin(Abala kejidilogoji; 38); eto ominira lati wi ti enu eni ati  iwe iroyin (Abala kokandilogoji; 39); eto lati da tabi darapo mo egbe yowuu (Abala ogoji; 40) ati eto ominira lati rin bo se wu ni(Abala kokanlelogoji;41) le ni gbedeke onte idiwon ofin ti a le fidi re mule fun anfaani igbe aabo, idaabo bo emi ati dukia, ase gbogbo gboo, igbe aye rere tabi igbe aye ilera gbogbo ilu; tabi fun ise pataki idaabo bo awon eto ati ominira awon elomiran.
  • Lasiko ilu ko fararo, (akoko ilu ko fararo ni igba ti Aare Orileede Naijiria ma nkede pe orileede Naijiria ko fararo latari ogun), eto si ominira ara eni (Abala karundilogoji; 35) o se e se ki ilana yii fenu so abala ofin ile igbimo asofin apapo ni onte gbedeke ni won fi gbodo bojuto ilu ko fararo. Ko si awawi tabi idena ti o le fi onte gbedeke si eto igbe aye eni (Abala ketalelogbon) ayafi lori isele iku ti o waye nipase ogun ji ja; ati eto Abala kerindilogoji (36); isori kejo(8) ti o n tako ifiyajeni fun esun ti kii se iwa odaran Lasiko ti a fi kan ni ati fi fi ijiya ti o lagbara ju lo je afura si eleyi ti ko si lasiko isele esun naa ni ayipada ko le ba lainaani isele oun.
  • Ti o ba ro pe eni keni ti ta pa si eto re lati abala ketalelogbon de abala kerindilaadota(Ori Kerin;Chapter IV) inu ofin yii tabi eni keni fe e fi eto re du e, gba ile ejo giga yowuu ti o ba sunmo e lo fun ona abayo.
  • Ile igbimo asofin apapo yoo pe se iranwo owo ti o ko ba ni owo ati agbara lati gba agbejoro.
  • Kai da sauran da duk sauran ‘yan adam a duniya na da yancin rayuwa da rai. Doka ta hana kisan mutum.
  • Dole ka dauki duk dan adam da martaba da girma ko kana kaunar sa ko baka yi. Kai ma ka dace a dauke ka da martaba da girma.
  • Ka na daman rayuwa da sakewa: banda matsi ko fitina.
  • Amma doka ta bada izini ga hukuma ta hana ka sake wa idan:
    • Kotu ta ba da izini a kama ka ko a rufe ka domin  ka karya doka, ko ka ki yin biyaya akan hukuncin ta;
    • Ko kai yaro ne wanda yake kasa da shekara sha takwas;
    • Ko idan ka nada cuta da ke saurin yaduwa kaman ciwon ebola;
    • Ko idan ka haukace;
    • Ko idan ka saba da shan kwayoyi da giya.
  • Ko ana zaton ka yi karya doka ne kuma a na kan yin maka sharia, doka bata ba da izini a kama ka a rufe na tsawon lokacin da ya fi lokacin da za a rufe ka idan kotu ta same ka da laifi ba. (A misali, hukuncin laifin satar shanu a karkashin doka, shekara biyu ne. saboda haka, idan an kule mutum na lokacin da ya kai shekara biyu, kotu za ta sake shi ba bata lokaci).
  • Idan aka kama ka ko aka rufe ka, ka na damar yin shuru ka ki yin Magana sai ka tuntubi lawyan ka. Doka ta hana yan sanda da sauran jami’an tsaro su tilasta ka ka yi kamin ka tuntubi lawyan ka.
  • Idan yan sanda ko sauran jami’an tsaro su ka kama ka , dole ne su fada maka a cikin kwana daya, a rubuce da yaren da ka sani, dalili da su ka kama ka da rufe ka.
  • Idan hukunchi da ya biyo laifin karya doka ba kasha mai laifin bane, bai dace a kamo mutum ko a rufe na lokaci fiye da kwana daya ba, bada an kai sa kotu ba sai dai idan babu kotu a kilomita arba’in daga inda a ka rufe shi. Idan ya kasance haka, sai a kai sa kotun a cikin kwana biyu ko cikin lokaci.
  • Idan a kama ka ko rufe ka ba da laifi ba, kana da ‘yancin a biya ka, da kuma nemi gafaran ka daga gun hukuma.
  • Ka na da daman a saurare ka a cikin sharia.
  • Kai ba mai laifin karya doka bane sai shari’a ta yanke hukunci.
  • Idan wani na zaton ka karya doka, shi ke da nauyin nuna ka yi laifi ba wai kai ka nuna kayi laifi ba. (Sai dai idan doka ta saka ka ka nuna baka yi laifin ba).
  • Idan an kai ka gaban kotu domin ana zaton ka yi laifin karya doka, ka na da ‘yanci a gaya maka cikin lokaci da yaren da ka sani, irin laifin da ake zaton ka yi. Kuma ka na da ‘yancin a baka lokaci da dama da zarafin Karen kanka a kotun ko da kan ka ko ta lawyan ka.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin tambayan shedun wanda su ka kawo karan ka kuma ka na da ‘yancin kiran shedun ka.
  • Idan baka gane yaren da ake yin amfani da shi a kotun ba, ka na da ‘yancin yin amfani da masu fassara kyauta.  
  • Idan shari’a ta yanke hukunci, ko kai ko iyalin ka na da ‘yancin karban takardun yanke hukunci cikin kwana bakwai.
  • Ba za a same ka da laifin karya doka ba idan abunda kayi doka ba ta hana ba a lokacin da kayi shi. (A misali, doka ba ta hana yin kiwo a waje a shekaran dubu biyu da sha biyar, amma ta hana yanzu a jihohi da dama ba. Sab da haka, ba za a iya kama mutum da laifin yin kiwo a waje a shekarun da su ka wuce.
  • Ba za a baka hukunci laifin karya doka da yafi hukuncin da doka ta tsara a lokacin da aka aika ta laifin. (A misali, idan laifin satan mutum a shekarun dubu biyu da sha uku shine kulle mutum na shekara shida, bai dace idan an yanke hukuncin sa ba a wannan shekarun dubu biyu da sha bakwai a bashi rayuwan kurkuku har mutuwa ba. Lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi lokacin da ya aikata laifin ne ba lokacin da a ka yanke sharia ba.
  • Bai dache a yi maka sharia so biyu akan zaton laifin karya doka daya. Doka ta haramta haka. Kuma idan gwanati ta gafata wa mutum laifin sa, ba za a sake yin masa sharia ba.
  • Idan an kaika gaban kotun domin ana zaton kayi laifi karya doka, bas za a saka shi a dole ya bayar da sheda ba.

Ba za a daure mutum domin laifin karya doka ba, sai dai idan laifin na rubuche a chikin dokokin kassa. Kuma, laifi irin na gargaja ba laifi bane a dokokin kassa..

  • Ka na da ‘yanci yin rayuwa cikin rufin asiri da ya shafi gidan ka, na’urar wayar ka da sakuna na kar ta kwana. Doka ta tabatar da kiyaye wannan.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin yin duk irin tunani da ka so.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin bin addinin da ka so, ko kai kadai ko tare da jama’a. Kuma doka ta yarda ka canja addinin ka idan ka so yin haka. Babu wanda ya isa ya sa ka ka canja addinin ka idan ba ka son yin haka. Kuma ba dole ba ne ka bi wani addini idan ba ka so. Doka kuma ta haramta zama dan kungiyan asiri.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin ra’ayinka.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin fadin albarkacin bakin ka.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin fadin ra’ayin ka da kuma yada wannan ra’ayi ga sauran jama’a ba tare da shakkar kowa ba.
  • Idan kana da izinin gwamnati, za ka iya bude gidan yada labarai kaman gidan telebijin, Radio, jaridu da qasidu.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin amfani da bude shafin zumunta na zamani kamar su facebook, twitter, Whatsapp, da dai sauran su.
  • Ba a takura wannan ‘yanci ba idan doka ta hana ka yada  wani bayani da ka samu ta rufin asiri ta hanyar aikin ka a matsayin ma’aikacin gwanati, lawya, likita ko in shari’a ta hana.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin hulda da jama’a.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin bude kungiya ko ka shiga kungiyar kwadago da za ta kare ka. Ka na kuma da ‘yancin ka ki shiga wata kungiya ko ka bar kungiyar alokacin da ka ga dama.
  • Ka na da ‘yancin bude jam’iyyar siyasa ko ka shiga jamiyar da ka so muddin jamiyar nan na da regista a wajen hukumar yin zabe da ake kira INEC.
  • Ko wane dan Nijeria na da ‘yancin yawo da zuwa duk bangaren kasar Nijeriya da ya so.
  • Ko wane dan Nijeria na da ‘yancin yin tafiya da kuma  zama a duk bangaren Nijeria da ya so. Ko a kudu, yamma, ko arewa.
  • Idan kai dan Nijeria ne, ba wanda ya isa ya kore ka ko hana ka fita daga cikin kasar Nijeria; ko hana ka shigan kasar Nijeria. Sai dai, idan ka yi laifi a cikin Nijeria ka na neman ka gudu; ko idan Nijeria ta na da shiri da wata kasa cewa idan mutum yayi laifi ba zai iya zuwa ya boye a kasar Nijeriya ba. A nan kam, doka ta ba ma Nijeriya izinin kama mutum ta mika shi domin a yi masa hukunci.
  • Ba dan adam da ke da ‘yancin nuna maka banbanci ko tsangwama domin garin ka, kabilar ka, ko kai na miji ne ko mace, addinin ka, jam’iyyar siyasar ka, ko don yanayin haifuwar ka.
  • Ko wane dan Nijeria na da ‘yancin saye da zama a gida ko fili a duk bangaren Nijeriya da ya so. Idan kai dan Arewa ne, ka na iya sayen gida a garin Onitsha. Ko yar kudu ta na iya sayan shaguna a garin Lagos. Ko mutumin da ya fito yamma na iya sayan gida a garin Jigawa.
  • Idan ya zama dole wa gwamnati ta kwace filin ka, wajibi ne ga gwamnatin ta biya ka diyar wannan fili cikin lokaci. Kuma ka na da ‘yancin shigar da kara a kotu idan baka yarda da yawan kudin da a ka biya ka ba.
  • Duka ma’adanen da ke karkashin kasa ko ruwa, kaman zinari, duwatsu masu tsada da man fetur, mallakar gwamnatin tarayya ne.
  • ‘Yancin rufin asiri da rayuwar iyali (SASHI 37); ‘yancin rayuwa da tunani, sha’ani da addini (SASHI 38) ‘yancin fadan albarkacin bakin ka da yada labarai (SASHI 39); ‘yancin taron hadin kai da hulda da kungiyoyi cikin lumana (SASHI 40); ‘yancin yin yawo da tafiya a duk bangaren kasa (41); na iya raguwa idan doka ta zartas da haka domin tsare jama’a gabadaya, ko tsare lafiyar su da tsaron ‘yancin sauran jama’a.
  • Idan akwai rashin zaman lafiya ko tashin hankali kamar yaki, ‘yancin rayuwa da sakewa na iya raguwa idan majalissar dokokin kasa su ka yarda sannan kuma, Gwamnati ba za ta iya karya dokar da ta hana daure mutum domin laifin da ba ya rubuce ba.
  • Idan ka  lura cewa ana neman takura ma ko hana ka daya daga cikin ‘yancin da su ke SASHI 33 zuwa 46 da ke cikin kundun tsarin mulkin Nijeriya, kana da ‘yancin ka je babban kotun jihar ka gurfana kara.
  • Majalissar dokoki na kasa za su tanada taimakon kudi, do na ba wa wanda bai da karfin daukar lawya.
  • Vous et tous les êtres humains dans ce monde ont le droit de vivre. Il est illégal de tuer une autre personne.
  • Vous devez traiter tous les êtres humains avec dignité et respect, que vous les aimez ou pas. Aussi, vous méritez d’être traités avec dignité.
  • Il est illégal pour quiconque de vous torturer ou de vous traiter comme si vous n’êtes pas un être humain.
  • Il est illégal pour quiconque de vous transformer de force en un esclave ou en un serviteur, ou de vous forcer à travailler pour lui. Mais si le Tribunal vous ordonne, ou si vous décidez de rejoindre l’armée ou la police, ou si vous êtes au titre du service civique national obligatoire comme le NYSC, alors on peut vous demander de faire quelque chose indépendamment de votre volonté.
  • Vous avez droit à votre liberté personnelle.
  • La seule situation où votre liberté personnelle peut être limitée est quand un tribunal prononce une ordonnance pour vous retenir car vous avez commis un crime ou pour défaut d’obéir à une ordonnance du Tribunal ; ou si vous êtes encore très jeune (moins de 18 ans), ou si vous souffrez d’une maladie infectieuse (comme le virus Ebola), ou si vous ne jouissez pas de toutes vos facultés mentales, ou si vous êtes accro à la drogue ou à l’alcool, alors, le gouvernement peut limiter votre liberté.
  • Même si vous avez commis une infraction ou aviez été inculpés d’une infraction et vous êtes en attente de jugement, vous ne devriez pas être maintenu en détention pendant plus de la durée maximale d’emprisonnement prévue pour l’infraction. (Par exemple, en vertu du Code Pénal, la peine prévue pour l’infraction d’avoir volé une vache est de deux ans, donc une fois un accusé atteint deux ans en prison sans conclure son procès, il devrait être libéré sans délai)
  • Si vous êtes arrêté ou détenu, vous pouvez choisir de garder le silence ou de refuser de répondre à toute question jusqu’à ce que vous ayez consulté un avocat ou toute personne de votre choix.  La police ou les agents chargés de faire respecter la loi ne peuvent pas vous forcer à faire une déclaration jusqu’à ce que vous ayez l’occasion de consulter une personne de votre choix.
  • Si la police ou un agent de maintien de l’ordre vous arrête ou vous maintien en détention, il doit vous dire dans les 24 heures, par écrit et dans une langue que vous comprenez les motifs de votre arrestation ou de votre détention.
  • Une fois qu’une infraction n’attire pas de condamnation comme la peine de mort, vous ne devriez pas être arrêté ou détenu pendant plus d’une journée sans comparaître devant un tribunal, sauf s’il n’y a aucun tribunal qui peut traiter la question dans un rayon de 40 kilomètres.  Si oui, vous pouvez toujours être détenu mais pour un maximum de 2 jours ou seulement pour un délai raisonnable.
  • Si vous êtes arrêté ou détenu illégalement, vous avez droit à une indemnité et à des excuses publiques auprès de l’autorité compétente ou de l’agent qui vous a arrêté ou détenu.
  • Vous avez le droit de présenter votre version des faits.
  • Vous êtes innocent jusqu’à ce que votre culpabilité soit prouvée.
  • Si quelqu’un vous accuse de commettre un crime, il lui incombe (et non vous) de prouver que vous êtes coupable. (Sauf dans les cas exceptionnels où il existe une loi qui prévoit que vous devez prouver un fait particulier).
  • Au cours d’un procès, où vous êtes accusé d’une infraction, vous avez droit à des informations rapides et détaillées sur la nature de l’infraction qu’on estime que vous avez commis et on doit vous le dire dans une langue que vous comprenez. Vous devriez également avoir le temps et les facilités nécessaires pour préparer votre défense et on doit vous permettre de vous défendre en personne ou par un avocat de votre choix.
  • Vous avez le droit d’appeler un témoin à témoigner pour vous et vous êtes également libre d’interroger tout témoin qui témoigne contre vous.  
  • Si vous ne comprenez pas la langue qu’ils utilisent au procès, faites-leur savoir s’il vous plaît. Ils ont l’obligation de vous faire assister d’un interprète qui vous interprètera dans une langue que vous comprenez, à titre gracieux.
  • Une fois qu’un jugement est rendu, vous ou votre représentant a le droit d’obtenir des copies du jugement de l’affaire dans les sept jours.
  • Vous ne devriez PAS être reconnu coupable d’une infraction lorsque la conduite constituant l’infraction n’était pas interdite en tant qu’infraction au moment où elle a eu lieu. (Par exemple, lorsque le pâturage ouvert n’était pas une infraction en 2015 mais qui est maintenant une infraction en 2017, une personne ne peut être reconnue coupable de l’infraction de pâturage ouvert en 2017 pour un pâturage ouvert qui a eu lieu en 2015)
  • Vous ne devriez PAS être puni d’une peine plus lourde que la peine existante au moment où vous avez commis l’infraction. (Par exemple, si A a commis l’infraction d’enlèvement en 2013 et en ce moment-là, la peine était de 6 ans d’emprisonnement, il ne devrait pas être condamné en 2017 à une peine d’emprisonnement à perpétuité simplement parce qu’il y a une nouvelle loi prévoyant que la peine pour l’infraction de L’enlèvement est un emprisonnement à vie. La date d’entrée en vigueur est la date à laquelle l’infraction a été commise.)
  • Vous ne devriez PAS être jugé deux fois pour la même conduite pénale. Pas de double incrimination. Et si vous avez bénéficié d’une grâce suite à  une infraction pénale, vous ne pouvez pas être à nouveau jugé pour  la même infraction.
  • Si vous êtes accusé d’une infraction pénale, vous ne devez PAS être obligé de témoigner lors de votre procès.
  • Vous ne DEVEZ PAS être reconnu coupable d’une infraction pénale, sauf si cette infraction est définie par la loi et la peine est également prescrite par une loi écrite. (Les infractions prévues par la loi nationale et la coutume ne sont pas des infractions pénales en vertu de la Constitution)
  • Vous avez droit à votre vie privée, y compris l’intimité de votre foyer, de vos téléphones, de vos messages SMS, de vos messages électroniques, etc. Ils doivent être protégés et garantis.
  • Vous avez le droit de réfléchir à tout ce que vous voulez penser
  • Vous avez le droit de pratiquer et d’observer votre religion par seul ou avec d’autres personnes par le culte et l’enseignement. Vous êtes également libre de changer votre religion si vous le souhaitez. Personne ne devrait vous forcer à rejoindre sa religion. Personne ne devrait vous forcer à quitter votre religion. Vous n’êtes pas non plus obligé d’avoir une religion. La loi ne vous permet pas d’être membre d’une société secrète.
  • Vous avez le droit d’avoir un avis.
  • Vous avez le droit de parler.
  • Vous avez le droit de vous exprimer et de partager vos idées avec d’autres personnes sans aucune ingérence.
  • Une fois que vous obtenez une licence du gouvernement, vous pouvez posséder et établir votre propre station de télévision, une station de radio et même un journal.  
  • Vous avez le droit d’ouvrir et de maintenir votre propre compte de médias sociaux sur n’importe quelle plate-forme de médias sociaux de votre choix.
  • Ce n’est PAS une violation de ce droit-là lorsqu’il existe une loi qui est raisonnablement justifiable pour vous empêcher de divulguer des informations que vous avez reçues en toute confiance ou vous interdit de divulguer des informations en raison de votre travail en tant que fonctionnaire, avocat, médecin ou par Ordonnance du tribunal.
  • Vous êtes libre de vous rassembler et de vous associer à d’autres personnes.
  • Vous avez le droit de vous constituer et d’adhérer à une association pour protéger votre intérêt; ou tout syndicat de votre choix. Vous avez également le droit de ne PAS adhérer à une association. Vous avez le droit de quitter l’association chaque fois que vous le souhaitez.
  • Vous avez le droit de former et de vous joindre à un parti politique de votre choix, mais le parti politique doit être enregistré par la Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante (INEC).
  • Tout citoyen du Nigeria a le droit de circuler librement dans tout le Nigeria.
  • Tout citoyen du Nigeria a le droit de résider dans n’importe quelle partie du Nigeria qu’il aime. Qu’il s’agisse du Nord ou du Sud ou de l’Est ou de l’Ouest, vous avez le droit de voyager et de vivre n’importe où dans le pays.
  • Tant que vous êtes citoyen Nigérian, personne ne devrait vous chasser du Nigeria; ou vous refuser de sortir du Nigeria; ou vous interdire d’entrer au Nigéria, sauf si vous avez commis un crime au Nigéria et que vous voudrez peut-être échapper à un autre pays; ou où le Nigéria a accepté avec un autre pays que si vous commettez un crime dans ce pays, vous ne pouvez pas vous cacher au Nigeria. Le Nigéria va vous congédier  pour jugement ou punition.
  • Personne n’a le droit de vous traiter différemment des autres parce que vous appartenez à une communauté particulière, à un groupe ethnique, à un lieu d’origine, à un sexe, à une religion, à une opinion politique ou à la façon dont vous êtes né.
  • Tout citoyen du Nigéria a le droit d’acquérir et de posséder des biens partout au Nigeria. Un homme Hausa peut posséder une maison à Onitsha, une femme Igbo peut posséder une place à Lagos, un Yoruba peut posséder une ferme à Jigawa.
  • Si, pour une raison ou  une autre, le gouvernement veut prendre votre terrain, il doit vous payer une indemnisation  rapidement et vous avez le droit d’aller devant les tribunaux si vous n’êtes pas satisfait de cela.
  • Tous les minéraux, les huiles minérales et le gaz naturel dans, sous ou sur n’importe quel territoire du Nigéria ou dans, sous ou sur les eaux territoriales du Nigéria appartiennent au gouvernement de la Fédération.
  • Le droit à la vie privée et familiale (article 37); Droit à la liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion (article 38); Le droit à la liberté d’expression et à la liberté de la presse (article 39); Le droit de réunion et d’association pacifique (article 40) et le droit à la libre circulation (article 41) ne peuvent être limités que par une loi raisonnablement justifiée dans l’intérêt de la défense publique, de la sécurité publique, de l’ordre public, de la moralité publique ou de santé publique; ou dans le but de protéger les droits et la liberté d’autrui.
  • En période d’urgence (période d’urgence, période pendant laquelle le Président du Nigéria déclarera que le Nigéria est en état d’urgence peut-être en raison de la guerre), le droit à la liberté personnelle (article 35) peut, sous réserve d’une loi de l’Assemblée nationale, être limité s’il existe des motifs raisonnablement justifiées pour faire face à l’urgence. On ne peut en aucun cas porté atteinte au droit à la vie(article 33), sauf en ce qui concerne la mort résultant d’actes de guerre; Et le droit prévu à l’article 36 (8) interdisant la condamnation pour une infraction qui, au moment de la commission de l’acte, ne constituait pas un crime  et qui ne peut être puni d’une peine plus sévère  que celle qui existait au moment de la commission  de l’infraction.
  • Si vous croyez que vos droits prévus à la section 33 à 46 (chapitre IV) de la présente constitution ont été violés, est qu’il est en train d’être violé ou va être violé, vous devez demander à la haute cour la plus proche de vous d’intervenir pour règlement du différend.  
  • L’Assemblée nationale prévoit pour vous une aide juridictionnelle si vous n’avez pas d’argent et que vous ne pouvez pas vous employer les services d’un avocat.  
  1. (1)Every person has a right to life, and no one shall be deprived intentionally of his life, save in execution of the sentence of a court in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been found guilty in Nigeria. 

(2) A person shall not be regarded as having been deprived of his life in contravention of this section, if he dies as a result of the use, to such extent and in such circumstances as are permitted by law, of such force as is reasonably necessary – 

(a) for the defence of any person from unlawful violence or for the defence of property: 

(b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; or 

(c) for the purpose of suppressing a riot, insurrection or mutiny. 

  1. (1)Every individual is entitled to respect for the dignity of his person, and accordingly – 

(a) no person shall be subject to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment; 

(b) no person shall he held in slavery or servitude; and 

(c) no person shall be required to perform forced of compulsory labour. 

(2) for the purposes of subsection (1) (c) of this section, “forced or compulsory labour” does not include – 

(a) any labour required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court; 

(b) any labour required of members of the armed forces of the Federation or the Nigeria Police Force in pursuance of their duties as such; 

(c) in the case of persons who have conscientious objections to service in the armed forces of the Federation, any labour required instead of such service; 

(d) any labour required which is reasonably necessary in the event of any emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the community; or 

(e) any labour or service that forms part of – 

(i) normal communal or other civic obligations of the well-being of the community. 

(ii) such compulsory national service in the armed forces of the Federation as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly, or 

(iii) such compulsory national service which forms part of the education and training of citizens of Nigeria as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly. 

  1. (1)Every person shall be entitled to his personal liberty and no person shall be deprived of such liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure permitted by law – 

(a) in execution of the sentence or order of a court in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been found guilty; 

(b) by reason of his failure to comply with the order of a court or in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation imposed upon him by law; 

(c) for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court or upon reasonable suspicion of his having committed a criminal offence, or to such extent as may be reasonably necessary to prevent his committing a criminal offence; 

(d) in the case of a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years for the purpose of his education or welfare; 

(e) in the case of persons suffering from infectious or contagious disease, persons of unsound mind, persons addicted to drugs or alcohol or vagrants, for the purpose of their care or treatment or the protection of the community; or 

(f) for the purpose of preventing the unlawful entry of any person into Nigeria or of effecting the expulsion, extradition or other lawful removal from Nigeria of any person or the taking of proceedings relating thereto: 

Provided that a person who is charged with an offence and who has been detained in lawful custody awaiting trial shall not continue to be kept in such detention for a period longer than the maximum period of imprisonment prescribed for the offence. 

(2) Any person who is arrested or detained shall have the right to remain silent or avoid answering any question until after consultation with a legal practitioner or any other person of his own choice. 

(3) Any person who is arrested or detained shall be informed in writing within twenty-four hours (and in a language that he understands) of the facts and grounds for his arrest or detention. 

(4) Any person who is arrested or detained in accordance with subsection (1) (c) of this section shall be brought before a court of law within a reasonable time, and if he is not tried within a period of – 

(a) two months from the date of his arrest or detention in the case of a person who is in custody or is not entitled to bail; or 

(b) three months from the date of his arrest or detention in the case of a person who has been released on bail, he shall (without prejudice to any further proceedings that may be brought against him) be released either unconditionally or upon such conditions as are reasonably necessary to ensure that he appears for trial at a later date. 

(5) In subsection (4) of this section, the expression “a reasonable time” means – 

(a) in the case of an arrest or detention in any place where there is a court of competent jurisdiction within a radius of forty kilometres, a period of one day; and 

(b) in any other case, a period of two days or such longer period as in the circumstances may be considered by the court to be reasonable. 

(6) Any person who is unlawfully arrested or detained shall be entitled to compensation and public apology from the appropriate authority or person; and in this subsection, “the appropriate authority or person” means an authority or person specified by law. 

(7) Nothing in this section shall be construed – 

(a) in relation to subsection (4) of this section, as applying in the case of a person arrested or detained upon reasonable suspicion of having committed a capital offence; and 

(b) as invalidating any law by reason only that it authorises the detention for a period not exceeding three months of a member of the armed forces of the federation or a member of the Nigeria Police Force in execution of a sentence imposed by an officer of the armed forces of the Federation or of the Nigeria police force, in respect of an offence punishable by such detention of which he has been found guilt

  1. (1)In the determination of his civil rights and obligations, including any question or determination by or against any government or authority, a person shall be entitled to a fair hearing within a reasonable time by a court or other tribunal established by law and constituted in such manner as to secure its independence and impartiality. 

(2) Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions of this section, a law shall not be invalidated by reason only that it confers on any government or authority power to determine questions arising in the administration of a law that affects or may affect the civil rights and obligations of any person if such law – 

(a) provides for an opportunity for the persons whose rights and obligations may be affected to make representations to the administering authority before that authority makes the decision affecting that person; and 

(b) contains no provision making the determination of the administering authority final and conclusive. 

(3) The proceedings of a court or the proceedings of any tribunal relating to the matters mentioned in subsection (1) of this section (including the announcement of the decisions of the court or tribunal) shall be held in public. 

(4) Whenever any person is charged with a criminal offence, he shall, unless the charge is withdrawn, be entitled to a fair hearing in public within a reasonable time by a court or tribunal: 

Provided that – 

(a) a court or such a tribunal may exclude from its proceedings persons other than the parties thereto or their legal practitioners in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, the welfare of persons who have not attained the age of eighteen years, the protection of the private lives of the parties or to such extent as it may consider necessary by reason of special circumstances in which publicity would be contrary to the interests of justice; 

(b) if in any proceedings before a court or such a tribunal, a Minister of the Government of the Federation or a commissioner of the government of a State satisfies the court or tribunal that it would not be in the public interest for any matter to be publicly disclosed, the court or tribunal shall make arrangements for evidence relating to that matter to be heard in private and shall take such other action as may be necessary or expedient to prevent the disclosure of the matter. 

(5) Every person who is charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed to be innocent until he is proved guilty; 

Provided that nothing in this section shall invalidate any law by reason only that the law imposes upon any such person the burden of proving particular facts. 

(6) Every person who is charged with a criminal offence shall be entitled to – 

(a) be informed promptly in the language that he understands and in detail of the nature of the offence; 

(b) be given adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence; 

(c) defend himself in person or by legal practitioners of his own choice; 

(d) examine, in person or by his legal practitioners, the witnesses called by the prosecution before any court or tribunal and obtain the attendance and carry out the examination of witnesses to testify on his behalf before the court or tribunal on the same conditions as those applying to the witnesses called by the prosecution; and 

(e) have, without payment, the assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand the language used at the trial of the offence. 

(7) When any person is tried for any criminal offence, the court or tribunal shall keep a record of the proceedings and the accused person or any persons authorised by him in that behalf shall be entitled to obtain copies of the judgement in the case within seven days of the conclusion of the case. 

(8) No person shall be held to be guilty of a criminal offence on account of any act or omission that did not, at the time it took place, constitute such an offence, and no penalty shall be imposed for any criminal offence heavier than the penalty in force at the time the offence was committed 

(9) No person who shows that he has been tried by any court of competent jurisdiction or tribunal for a criminal offence and either convicted or acquitted shall again be tried for that offence or for a criminal offence having the same ingredients as that offence save upon the order of a superior court. 

(10) No person who shows that he has been pardoned for a criminal offence shall again be tried for that offence. 

(11) No person who is tried for a criminal offence shall be compelled to give evidence at the trial. 

(12) Subject as otherwise provided by this Constitution, a person shall not be convicted of a criminal offence unless that offence is defined and the penalty therefor is prescribed in a written law, and in this subsection, a written law refers to an Act of the National Assembly or a Law of a State, any subsidiary legislation or instrument under the provisions of a law.

37. The privacy of citizens, their homes, correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic communications is hereby guaranteed and protected.

  1. (1)Every person shall be entitled to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, including freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom (either alone or in community with others, and in public or in private) to manifest and propagate his religion or belief in worship, teaching, practice and observance. 

(2) No person attending any place of education shall be required to receive religious instruction or to take part in or attend any religious ceremony or observance if such instruction ceremony or observance relates to a religion other than his own, or religion not approved by his parent or guardian. 

(3) No religious community or denomination shall be prevented from providing religious instruction for pupils of that community or denomination in any place of education maintained wholly by that community or denomination. 

(4) Nothing in this section shall entitle any person to form, take part in the activity or be a member of a secret society. 

  1. (1)Every person shall be entitled to freedom of expression, including freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart ideas and information without interference.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) of this section, every person shall be entitled to own, establish and operate any medium for the dissemination of information, ideas and opinions:

 

Provided that no person, other than the Government of the Federation or of a State or any other person or body authorised by the President on the fulfilment of conditions laid down by an Act of the National Assembly, shall own, establish or operate a television or wireless broadcasting station for, any purpose whatsoever.

 

(3) Nothing in this section shall invalidate any law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society –

 

(a) for the purpose of preventing the disclosure. of information received in confidence, maintaining the authority and independence of courts or regulating telephony, wireless broadcasting, television or the exhibition of cinematograph films; or

(b) imposing restrictions upon persons holding office under the Government of the Federation or of a State, members of the armed forces of the Federation or members of the Nigeria Police Force or other Government security services or agencies established by law.

  1. Every person shall be entitled to assemble freely and associate with other persons, and in particular he may form or belong to any political party, trade union or any other association for the protection of his interests:

Provided that the provisions of this section shall not derogate from the powers conferred by this Constitution on the Independent National Electoral Commission with respect to political parties to which that Commission does not accord recognition.

  1. (1)Every citizen of Nigeria is entitled to move freely throughout Nigeria and to reside in any part thereof, and no citizen of Nigeria shall be expelled from Nigeria or refused entry thereby or exit therefrom. 

(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall invalidate any law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society- 

(a) imposing restrictions on the residence or movement of any person who has committed or is reasonably suspected to have committed a criminal offence in order to prevent him from leaving Nigeria; or 

(b) providing for the removal of any person from Nigeria to any other country to:- 

(i) be tried outside Nigeria for any criminal offence, or 

(ii) undergo imprisonment outside Nigeria in execution of the sentence of a court of law in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been found guilty: 

Provided that there is reciprocal agreement between Nigeria and such other country in relation to such matter.

  1. (1)A citizen of Nigeria of a particular community, ethnic group, place of origin, sex, religion or political opinion shall not, by reason only that he is such a person:- 

(a) be subjected either expressly by, or in the practical application of, any law in force in Nigeria or any executive or administrative action of the government, to disabilities or restrictions to which citizens of Nigeria of other communities, ethnic groups, places of origin, sex, religions or political opinions are not made subject; or 

(b) be accorded either expressly by, or in the practical application of, any law in force in Nigeria or any such executive or administrative action, any privilege or advantage that is not accorded to citizens of Nigeria of other communities, ethnic groups, places of origin, sex, religions or political opinions.

(2) No citizen of Nigeria shall be subjected to any disability or deprivation merely by reason of the circumstances of his birth. 

(3) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall invalidate any law by reason only that the law imposes restrictions with respect to the appointment of any person to any office under the State or as a member of the armed forces of the Federation or member of the Nigeria Police Forces or to an office in the service of a body, corporate established directly by any law in force in Nigeria.

43. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, every citizen of Nigeria shall have the right to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. 

  1. (1)No moveable property or any interest in an immovable property shall be taken possession of compulsorily and no right over or interest in any such property shall be acquired compulsorily in any part of Nigeria except in the manner and for the purposes prescribed by a law that, among other things – 

(a) requires the prompt payment of compensation therefore and 

(b) gives to any person claiming such compensation a right of access for the determination of his interest in the property and the amount of compensation to a court of law or tribunal or body having jurisdiction in that part of Nigeria.

(2) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall be construed as affecting any general law. 

(a) for the imposition or enforcement of any tax, rate or duty; 

(b) for the imposition of penalties or forfeiture for breach of any law, whether under civil process or after conviction for an offence; 

(c) relating to leases, tenancies, mortgages, charges, bills of sale or any other rights or obligations arising out of contracts. 

(d) relating to the vesting and administration of property of persons adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt or insolvent, of persons of unsound mind or deceased persons, and of corporate or unincorporate bodies in the course of being wound-up; 

(e) relating to the execution of judgements or orders of court; 

(f) providing for the taking of possession of property that is in a dangerous state or is injurious to the health of human beings, plants or animals; 

(g) relating to enemy property; 

(h) relating to trusts and trustees; 

(i) relating to limitation of actions; 

(j) relating to property vested in bodies corporate directly established by any law in force in Nigeria; 

(k) relating to the temporary taking of possession of property for the purpose of any examination, investigation or enquiry; 

(l) providing for the carrying out of work on land for the purpose of soil-conservation; or 

(m) subject to prompt payment of compensation for damage to buildings, economic trees or crops, providing for any authority or person to enter, survey or dig any land, or to lay, install or erect poles, cables, wires, pipes, or other conductors or structures on any land, in order to provide or maintain the supply or distribution of energy, fuel, water, sewage, telecommunication services or other public facilities or public utilities.

(3) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, the entire property in and control of all minerals, mineral oils and natural gas in under or upon any land in Nigeria or in, under or upon the territorial waters and the Exclusive Economic Zone of Nigeria shall vest in the Government of the Federation and shall be managed in such manner as may be prescribed by the National Assembly.

  1. (1)Nothing in sections 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41 of this Constitution shall invalidate any law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society 

(a) in the interest of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health; or 

(b) for the purpose of protecting the rights and freedom or other persons

(2) An act of the National Assembly shall not be invalidated by reason only that it provides for the taking, during periods of emergency, of measures that derogate from the provisions of section 33 or 35 of this Constitution; but no such measures shall be taken in pursuance of any such act during any period of emergency save to the extent that those measures are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists during that period of emergency: 

Provided that nothing in this section shall authorise any derogation from the provisions of section 33 of this Constitution, except in respect of death resulting from acts of war or authorise any derogation from the provisions of section 36(8) of this Constitution. 

(3) In this section, a ” period of emergency” means any period during which there is in force a Proclamation of a state of emergency declared by the President in exercise of the powers conferred on him under section 305 of this Constitution.

  1. (1)Any person who alleges that any of the provisions of this Chapter has been, is being or likely to be contravened in any State in relation to him may apply to a High Court in that State for redress. 

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, a High Court shall have original jurisdiction to hear and determine any application made to it in pursuance of this section and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcement or securing the enforcing within that State of any right to which the person who makes the application may be entitled under this Chapter. 

(3) The Chief Justice of Nigeria may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of a High Court for the purposes of this section. 

(4) The National Assembly – 

(a) may confer upon a High Court such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may appear to the National Assembly to be necessary or desirable for the purpose of enabling the court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section; and 

(b) shall make provisions- 

(i) for the rendering of financial assistance to any indigent citizen of Nigeria where his right under this Chapter has been infringed or with a view to enabling him to engage the services of a legal practitioner to prosecute his claim, and 

(ii) for ensuring that allegations of infringement of such rights are substantial and the requirement or need for financial or legal aid is real.